2LANJOUW J O, SCHANKERMAN M. Stylized Facts of Patent Litigation : Value, Scope and Ownership [R].Cambridge : National Bureau of Economic Research, 1997.
3Lerner J. The importance of patent scope : an emp iricalanalysis [J]. Rand Journal of Economics, 1994, 25 (2):319-333.
4Lanjouw J O, Schankerman M. The Qualiti of Ideas : Measureing innovation with Multiple Indicators [R]. Cambridge : National buredu of Economic Research, 1999.
5NORDHAUS W D. The Optimal Life of a Patent [R].Yale : Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University , 1967.
6SCHANKERMAN M, PAKES A. Estimates of the Value of Patent Rights in European Countries during the Post-1950 Period [R]. Cambridge : National Bureau of Economic Research, 1987.
7LANJOUW J O. Patent Protection in the Shadow of Infringement : Simulation Estimations of Patent Value [J]. The Review of Economic Studies, 1998, 65 (4) : 671.
8SCHANKERMAN M. How valuable is Patent Protection? Estimates by Technology Field [J]. The RAND Journal of Economics, 1998 : 77.
9GRILICHES Z. Patent Statistics as Economic Indicators : A Survey [M]. Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 1998.
10Putnam J. The Value of International Patent rights [D]. New Haven: Yale University, 1996.