“夏后氏以射造士”辨

Analysis on “Cultivating Political Talent by Archery Training in the Xia Dynasty”

部分教育史教材和专著把《文献通考》中"夏后氏以射造士"一句作为说明"夏代在教育内容方面,统治者很重视军事教练"的重要文献证据,以重要知识点的形式传授给学习者。这句话是宋代学者在《礼记》、《孟子》中一些材料的基础上得出的认识,不具有独立证明力,而且因为所依据的文献材料有相互矛盾之处,不可信据。习射是商周教育的主要科目,依据金文中的材料,"以射造士"是周代存在的制度,不能将其当成夏代教育的特点。在中国教育史教学实践中应采用开放式的教学方法,将相关材料呈现给学习者,以引发思考与讨论。

＂Cultivating political talent by archery training in the Xia Dynasty＂ in the WenxianTongkao is regarded as documentary evidence about education characteristics in Xia Dynasty by a lot ofteaching materials and monographs. This sentence was the understanding of a scholar in the Song Dy-nasty to some materials in Mengzi and Liji. It has no independent probative value. And it is not crediblebecause of the contradiction between the material bases. ArcheI-y training was one of the key subjects ineducation of Shang and Zhou Dynasty. On the basis of Jinwen materials, cultivating political talent byarchery training was a system in Zhou Dynasty. It cannot be regarded as education characteristics in XiaDynasty. In the teaching practice, all the relevant materials should be presented to students to triggerthinking and discussion.