惠农区气传花粉的种类和分布及其影响因素

Investigation of the species and seasonal distribution of airborne pollen in Shizuishan city

目的调查惠农区气传花粉的种类、含量和季节分布特点,以提高此地区花粉症的防治水平。方法采用重力沉降法安装叶氏花粉采样器,自2013-2014年每日进行空气花粉曝片检测,并进行野外考察。结果 2年花粉总含量为37 480粒,共鉴定出11个科、17个属、2个种,全部归属于29科28属2个种;全年出现2个花粉分布高峰期（3~5月份和7~9月份）,3~5月份以松属、杨属和柏属等木本植物花粉为主,7~9月份以蒿属、藜属、苋属等草本植物花粉为主。Spearman相关性分析显示,花粉数量与天气、风向及风力和空气污染指数差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,且呈正相关性（r=0.972、0.864、0.981,P〈0.05）。结论惠农区主要气传花粉为蒿属、藜属、苋属、松属、杨属、豚草属等,且高发在3~5月份、7~9月份,2个高峰期对花粉症的防治具有重要意义。

Objective To investigate the species,content and seasonal distribution of airborne pollen in Shizuishan city,and to improve the prevention and treatment of the pollen disease in this region. Method The gravity sedimentation was used to make the installation＇s pollen sampler. The daily airborne pollen exposure tablets were detected and the field trips were conducted. Results The total content of pollen was 37 480 in 29 years,including 11 families,17 genera and 2 species belonging to 28 genera and 2 species. There were two peak pollen distribution appeared throughout the year（ 3 ~ 5 and 7 ~ 9 months）. The main woody plant in 3 to 5 months were pinus,populus and parker. The main herb pollen in 7 to 9 months were sagebrush,chenopodium and amaranthus. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the pollen number has a positive correlation statistical significance with the weather,the wind and the air pollution index（ P〈0. 05,r = 0. 972,0. 864,0. 981）. Conclusion The main gas pollens in Shizuishan city are artemisia genera,chenopodium,amaranthus spp,pinus,yang genera and species of ambrosia. The two peaks of pollinosis are in 3 ~ 5 months,7 ~ 9 months,which have great significance in prevention and control pollinosis.