2030年可持续发展议程框架下官方发展援助的变革

The Reform of ODA under the Framework of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

2030年可持续发展议程涉及经济发展、社会进步和环境保护三个方面,是一个具有真正变革意义的国际发展框架。2030年可持续发展议程对官方发展援助提出重大挑战:其庞大、复杂的目标体系对后者的数量和规模提出新要求;其三大范式变迁对后者的分配提出新挑战;其对各层面发展资金的协同增效要求对后者提出更高标准;而愈加复杂的发展筹资体系也对后者提出新挑战。为应对2030年议程带来的挑战,经合组织发展援助委员会正积极推进官方发展援助变革,并就现代化其统计标准和构建新的衡量工具达成初步共识,突出资金的可测量性和透明度。联合国也强调官方发展援助应集中在需求最大和筹资能力最弱地区,并与应对全球性挑战的发展资金相区分。中国应密切关注这一变革的趋势与动向,审慎引导新兴援助国合力应对官方发展援助的变革。

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is a transforming development framework, including economic development, social progress, and environmental protection. It presents important challenges for the traditional conceptualization of Official Development Assistance(ODA) in terms of new requirements and standards concerning development financing systems, size and scope of development funds, and shifting paradigms of development assistance. To cope with these challenges, the OECD-DAC and the UN are promoting the reforms of ODA. DAC focuses on the modernization of statistical standards of ODA and tries to build a new measurement tool. The UN stresses that ODA should be concentrated in the direst areas and countries and be distinguished from the resources devoted to addressing global challenges. As the largest developing country and a rising power in international development, China should pay close attention to the relevant trends of this reform, and carefully lead the emerging countries to jointly adapt to the reform of ODA.