北京顺义区农田两大害鼠种群繁殖力比较

The Comparation of Propagation Ability Between two Mouse Populations in Farm Fields of Shunyi District in Beijing

为了揭示顺义农田黑线姬鼠和大仓鼠两大害鼠种群繁殖力存在的差异及其对种群数量变化的影响,从而为制定科学灭鼠策略提供依据,1994-2014年,采用夹线法于每年3-11月（或1-12月）进行调查,每月上旬在5个监测点农田布放鼠夹500夹夜。捕获的样本测量体重、体长、尾长、耳高、后足长,解剖观察繁殖情况。以种群繁殖力为指标,分析黑线姬鼠与大仓鼠在繁殖力方面的差异,由此揭示出黑线姬鼠具有更强的竞争优势。黑线姬鼠和大仓鼠每年都有2个繁殖高峰期,并以成年以上个体为繁殖主体,分别占总胎仔数的94.5%和95.6%。黑线姬鼠的繁殖期和主要繁殖期均比大仓鼠延长1个月,且主要繁殖期的雌、雄繁殖鼠占比均高于大仓鼠,胎次数是大仓鼠的1.7倍,仅平均胎仔数低于大仓鼠,由此说明黑线姬鼠种群的繁殖力比大仓鼠更强,具有更大的竞争优势。

In order to generate scientifically strategy on deratization,the paper analyzed the difference of population fecundity and its effect on population quantity between the two big species group of mouse,Apodemus agrarius and Cricetulus triton,in farm fields of Shunyi District in Beijing. During the years of 1994- 2014,we investigated the mouse using clamping method during March to November（ or January to December）,settle 500 mouse traps in the monitoring points in the first third of each month.Specimen＇s weights,body lengh,tail length,auricular height and hind leg length were measured,and their bodys were dissected to observe the progation. We analyzed the differences in fecundity between Apodemus agrarius and Cricetulus triton,results showed that Apodemus agrarius had more advantage in competition. Both Apodemus agrarius and Cricetulus had two propagation peak times each year and the main body of the propagulum were adult mice. Their offspring occupied 94.5% and 95.6% among all the infant mice,respectively. Both the propagation and main propagation of Apodemus agrarius were one month longer than those of Cricetulus triton. During the main propagation period,the proportion of male and female adult mice was higher than that of Cricetulus triton. The number of production was 1.7 times as many as that of Cricetulus triton. The average number of fetal mice was less than that of Cricetulus triton. These data indicated that the propagation ability of Apodemus agrarius were stronger than that of Cricetulus triton and had more advantage in competition.