《古代疾病名候疏义》所释《尔雅》“疵”“瘥”“痱”考

Make textual criticisms and explanations of ci(疵),chai(瘥),fei(痱) in Er Ya connected with Commentaries on the ancient disease names and syndrome

在余云岫《古代疾病名候疏义》对《尔雅》"疵""瘥""痱"三字进行疏释的基础上,结合古辞书、医籍、其他古籍文献中的相关记载,对三者的含义作进一步考释。"疵"既可指灾病,又可指一种表现为皮肉中生出黑毛的疮疡,引申泛指黑斑、斑点;"瘥"本义泛指灾病,又作为"差"的后起本字指病愈,且两义读音不同,为同形字;"痱"有四层含义:其一,其本义泛指疾病、病害;其二,"痱"又指一种由风邪引起的病证,有肢体活动障碍的表现;其三,"痱"又为"疿"之异体字指皮肤上因热邪所致的细小疮疹;其四,"痱癗"则指皮肤上肿起的小疙瘩,为风邪与热气共同作用所引发。在对这三者的疏释中,余云岫或先入为主,而有意无意的忽略了辞书中的一些材料,或对同字异义的解释牵强附会,或对释义和古注的理解有误,使其在该词的考释上有所误判,今天医学词汇考释研究时同样需要注意这些问题。

With the basic information of commentaries on the Er Ya ci（ 疵）,chai（ 瘥）,fei（ 痱） in Commentaries on the ancient disease names and syndrome,together with related records about ancient lexicographical works,the ancient medical books and other ancient books,the paper maked textual criticisms and explanations of ci（ 疵）,chai（ 瘥）,fei（ 痱）. It shows that ci（ 疵） refers to disaster and sores manifest as black hair in skin and flesh,can apply to black spot. Chai（ 瘥） refers to disaster,which also refers to recover as later character of chai（ 差）. The pronunciation of two are different,and they are ＂ same formed character＂. There are four implications of fei（ 痱） ： that refers to disease; that refers to disease caused by wind-pathogen with limb activity disorder; that refers to tiny spots caused by heatpathogen as variant Chinese character of fei（ 疿）; that fei lei（ 痱癗） refers to goose pimples on the skin caused by wind-pathogen and heat-pathogen. YU Yunxiu has preconceived notions so that ignores some information in the dictionary knowingly or unknowingly,or has a strained interpretation on ＂ same formed character＂,or gone wrong on comprehend about paraphrasing and ancient annotation,which all led to such mistake in making textual criticisms and explanations on the character.