破解人民陪审制度中“陪而不审”难题刍议——以事实审与法律审分离为视角

Discussion on Cracking Problem of "Presenting without Hearing" in People's Jury System——From Perspective of Separation of Fact Judgment and Law Judgment

人民陪审制度是司法民主的一种表现,通过吸收民众参与审判工作,弥补了法官从专业角度形成的固化思维。但是,现行陪审制度由于受制于以法官为主导的审判体制,混合合议庭确立的全面审的参审模式,以及在陪审员从选任到后勤保障一系列设计的缺失等影响,呈现出"陪而不审"的异化现象。特别是陪审制度所实施的全面审的参审制度,模糊了职业与非职业的界限,无法发挥陪审员与法官的各自优势,违背了司法审判活动的基本规律。因此,应将事实审与法律审相分离,调整混合合议庭模式,明确陪审员参与事实审的职权范围,并辅以制度的整体设计,使之成为完善人民陪审制度发展的突破口,促使陪审工作焕发新的生机。

People＇s jury system is a form of judicial democracy by making the people involved in the trial work to make up the curing thinking of the judge formed by the specialized angle. However,because the development of the jury system is subject to judicial system dominated by the judge,the mixed collegial panel established the comprehensive hearing mode,and the system of selecting jurors and the logistics support is not designed,the jury system presents a phenomenon ＂ Presenting without Hearing＂. The comprehensive hearing mode of the jury system blurs the line between professional and amateur,makes the jurors and judges unable to make full use of their own advantages,and violates the basic rules of judicial activities. Therefore,we should separate the fact judgment from the law judgment,adjust the mixed mode of collegial panel,explicit the authorized power of jurors participating in fact judgment,and adopt the system of overall design,so as to make it a breakthrough of perfecting the people＇s jury system and vitalizing the jury work.