银发族缘何重返劳动领域?——城乡二元老年劳动参与研究

Why the Elder Return to the Labor Field?on the Bases of the Elderly Labor Research in Urban and Rural Areas

基于CHARLS2011年全国问卷调查,分别考察了城乡老年群体的劳动参与状况。研究发现,与农村老年群体的高劳动参与率相比,城镇老年群体劳动参与率较低,有待进一步提高。年龄、性别与身体健康状况均会对城乡老年群体劳动参与产生影响。此外,单位类型和待遇差异影响城镇老年群体的劳动参与、是否为其他农户帮工影响农村老年群体的劳动参与。基于此,完善城乡老年群体医疗保障体系;适当延迟企业职工退休年龄,拓宽机关事业单位员工返聘渠道;逐步提高新农保养老金待遇是实现城乡老年群体老有所养、老有所用的有效途径。

Based CHARLS2011, we investigated labor force participation situation of older age groups in ur- ban and rural areas. The study found that compared with the high labor force participation rates of older age groups in rural areas, the urban labor force participation rate of older age groups is low, and we must encourage urban labor force participation of older age groups to further improve. Age, sex and physical health will participate in the urban and rural labor force participation of older age groups. In addition, unit type and treatment differences affect the urban labor force participation of older age groups, and whether other farmers journeyman affect the labor force participation of older age groups in rural areas. Based on this, improving urban and rural medical security system in older age groups; making an appropriate enter- prise workers delay retirement age, broadening the ways to hire organs and institutions＇ staff back to the organs and institutions; and gradually increase the new agricultural insurance pensions. Only in this way can achieve urban and rural elderly population a sense of worthiness.