利用雨洪资源恢复北京市房山区水景观湿地研究

A Study on Restoration of Wetlands with Water Landscape Using Heavy Rain Water in Fangshan District, Beijing

北京市城市水资源极度匮乏。同时,近年来北京多次受城市洪水侵袭,其中,房山区因2012年7月21日暴雨事件备受关注。利用遥感和地理信息系统技术及方法,从1991年6月17日和2014年9月4日遥感影像数据中,提取房山区水景观湿地信息;以2012年7月21日暴雨事件中死亡人员遇难地点和各种实证数据,推算潜在北京市城市雨洪资源分布特征,利用区域地貌—水文—湿地空间耦合分析方法,提出面向城市雨洪资源利用与城市水景观湿地恢复重建的新途径。研究结果表明,1991~2014年期间,房山区水景观湿地面积约减少了1/3;房山区潜在可利用雨洪资源主要分布在山前河网密集地区;结合现实问题,提出了良乡和靠近燕房2个关键区域水景观湿地恢复重建的科学策略。研究雨洪资源利用于水景观湿地恢复,对于维护城市水生态安全和城市生态文明建设具有重要意义。

Water resources are extremely scarce in Beijing, while the city has been flooding by the heavy rain water frequently in recent years. The Fangshan District, one district in Beijing City, was the worst hit area in the ＂7·21＂ heavy rain event on July 21, 2012. Using remote sensing and geographic information system technologies, the information of the wetlands with water landscape in Fangshan District in 1991 and 2014 was extracted in this paper. The distribution characteristics of potential heavy rain water were obtained by analyzing the places of dead people in the heavy rain occurred on July 21, 2012 in Fangshan District and various empirical data. Additionally, using spatial analytical methods of regional geomorphology, hydrology and landscape,a new urban planning on restoration of the wetlands with water landscape was present by utilization of the heavy water in the study area. The results showed that the area of the wetlands had shrunk by 1/3 in Fangshan District from 1991 to 2014; the potential resources of heavy rain water were mainly distributed spatially in the piedmont brooky plain; the eco-hydrological planning of restoration of urban wetlands with water landscape for the two key areas in Fangshan District was present.