湿地公园生态教育对游客环境行为倾向的影响——以哈尔滨市5个湿地公园为例

Impact of Eco-education on Visitor's Environmental Behavior Intentions in Wetland Park Park: A Case Study of: 5 Wetland Parks in Harbin

开展生态教育是湿地公园适应生态旅游业发展,坚持资源有效保护、合理开发和永续利用的重要环节。但是,生态教育效果如何以及生态教育能否有效影响游客环境行为倾向的相关研究却相对薄弱。以湿地环境知识为湿地生态教育的主要内容,对哈尔滨市5个湿地公园736名游客的湿地环境知识、湿地环境态度、湿地景观感知、湿地旅游环境行为倾向进行问卷调查,并以结构方程模型检验湿地公园生态教育对游客环境行为倾向的影响。研究结果表明,生态教育以两条路径影响游客环境行为倾向:1以湿地环境知识为主要内容的生态教育能积极影响游客对湿地环境的态度,并进而积极影响游客环境行为倾向;2以湿地环境知识为主要内容的生态教育能积极影响游客景观感知,并进而积极影响游客环境行为倾向;3选取的控制变量为教育程度、年龄和居住地,教育程度对游客湿地环境知识具有正向影响,对游客景观感知、环境行为倾向具有负向影响;年龄对游客环境行为倾向具有正向影响,游客居住地对游客环境行为倾向具有负向影响。研究旨在为开展湿地生态教育活动提供参考。

Carrying out eco-education is an important part in the process of the wetland park＇s adaption to the development of ecotourism, as well as its insistence on the effective protection, rational development and sustainable utilization of nature resource. However, the relevant researches on how the effect of eco-education is and whether the eco-education can affect visitors＇ environmental behavior intentions effectively are relatively weak. Therefore, a questionnaire survey was conducted. It took wetland environmental knowledge as main content of wetland eco-education and distributed questionnaires to 736 visitors from 5 wetland parks in Harbin City to learn about their wetland environmental knowledge, wetland environmental attitude, wetland landscape perception and wetland tourism environmental behavior intentions. In addition, structural equation modeling was used to inspect the impact of wetland park eco-education on visitor＇s environmental behavior intentions. The result showed that eco-education affected visitor＇s environmental behavior intentions through two paths：（1） the eco-education which takes wetland environmental knowledge as main contents can affect visitor＇s wetland attitude positively; furthermore, it also can affect visitor＇s environmental behavior intentions positively;（2） the eco-education which takes wetland environmental knowledge as main contents can affect visitor＇s landscape perception positively; furthermore, it also can affect visitor＇s environmental behavior intentions positively;（3） if education degree, age and residence are selected as control variables, the education degree will have a positive impact on wetland environmental knowledge; instead, it will have the negative impact on landscape perception and environmental behavior intentions; the age will have a positive impact on environmental behavior intentions; and the visitors＇ residence will have a negative impact on environmental behavior intentions. The research aims to provide reference for wetland park to carry out eco-education activities.