印度农业合作社的发展及对中国的启示

The Revelation to China from the Development of Indian Farmer Cooperatives

印度于1904年成立第一个合作社，经过110多年的发展，截至2012年底，印度共有54．53万个合作社组织，分布在16个经济领域，拥有2．49亿户成员，覆盖了全国100%的村庄、2／3以上的家庭，并在许多领域拥有较高的市场占有率，合作社经济已成为印度国民经济的一支重要力量。本文旨在探索印度农业合作运动产生的原因、发展的成功经验及政府在合作社发展进程中的作用，期望从中获得推动我国农业现代化进程和农民合作社发展的有益启示。

India established the first cooperatives in 1904, after the de- velopment of more than 110 years. India had 545300 cooperatives organiza- tion in total until the end of 2012, which distributed in 16 areas of the eco- nomic fields, with 249 million members, covered 100% national villages, more than two--thirds of families and had a higher market share in many ar- eas. Cooperative economy has become a major force in Indian national econo- my. This paper aims to explore the cause and successful experience of Indian farmer cooperatives movement and the role of government played in the process of the cooperatives development, expects to get beneficial revelationto derive Chinese agricultural modernization and farmer cooperatives devel- opment.