《三体》与指向未来的欲望

Liu Cixin's The Three-Body Problem and the Desire to the Future

科幻小说是对未来可能世界的描绘,未来是一种特殊的时间,它无法到达,只能作为一种现实的愿望来对待。《三体》为我们建造了一种恶的未来可能性,在对未来的描绘当中,我们把时间上的不可到达用文本的方式展现出来,让它像现实之物一样展现出来,也只有文本中未来才能显形,对未来的描绘不是事实性描绘,而是对未来的解释。对未来解释有这样几个层次:一、线性时间层,未来是流逝时间的未来之维,也就是根据过去和现在时间之维的流逝性,可以推测出未来时间维度的即将流逝性;二、未来作为欲望层,乌托邦想象;三、文本叙事层,文本将未来时间带到现在,叙事的结构是主要的;四、未来解释学(考古学)实现层,叙事与愿望的对冲中达到对未来的功能性解释。这是乌托邦性质的科幻小说的重要意义。

Science fiction is a description to the possible world of the future,and the future is a special time dimension which cannot be reached but can only be treated as a vision upon reality. Liu＇s The Three-Body Problem provides us with the possibility of the evil in the future. The description of the future reveals in words a future not yet experienced,and it does so in a way that treats the unexperienced as a world already in existence,and therefore it is more an interpretation than factual description. The interpretation of the future in such description operates on the following levels. Firstly,in the liner time,the future is the yet-tocome dimension of the time passed,which points to the flowing of time and the time to be flown away. Secondly,the future is the desire in which the imagination of utopia is housed. Thirdly,the future allows for a narrative structure through which the text brings the future to the present. Finally,the future realizes the hermeneutics（ archaeologies） of the future by way of functional explanation of the future through the opposition between narrative and desire,and this is the essential significance of science fictions with Utopian edge.