乌托邦想象的解构:索拉里斯星寓言及其他

Deconstructing Utopian Imagination: The Allegory of Solaris and Others

乌托邦是科幻小说的一个社会经济的子类型,"如何想象乌托邦"实际上就是关于"乌托邦的想象如何被书写出来"的问题。《索拉里斯星》采取了一种"双重书写"的形式策略,其结果是将乌托邦体裁本身的局限性转化为讽喻性和批判性,使得我们能够在人类中心主义这一总体性系统的内部对其进行驳斥,阐释由此转入政治伦理学领域。同时文本表面的那种主体性与他性的对立建构也完全失效,莱姆的怀疑主义实现了对乌托邦想象力的解构,证明了即便是对一种最低限度需求的"零度乌托邦"的想象,也无法逃离意识形态的现实力场。

Utopia is a socio-economic sub-genre of science fiction. The question of how to imagine autopia is actually an issue of how to write out the image of a utopia. In Stanislaw Lem＇s Solaris,there is aformal strategy of＂double inscription,＂which turns the limitation of utopian genre into allegory and critical merits. Thus, it is possible to refute it from the inside of its anthropocentric totality and to divert the interpretation into the field of political ethics. As a result,the surface binary opposition between self and the other is nullified,and the imagination of a zero-degree Utopia,with minimum requirements,falls prey to the practical power field of ideology. It is in this sense that Stanislaw Lem＇s skepticism deconstructs the utopian imagination.