符号学视域下的易学元语言研究

A Semiotic Interpretation of the Metalanguages of the Yi Studies

《周易》作为一个具有独特自身结构的系统,其在解释时必须要有一套元语言作为解释的符码。《易经》部分,经过卦象、卦辞、爻辞、断辞的组合,形成一个系统,这个系统具有揭示规律、预测吉凶、占卜祸福的作用。占筮者在占筮的时候得出卦象,并依照卦爻辞对此卦进行解释、预测。这个解释必须要有相应的元语言来进行转换,传达出所占之卦的意义。《周易》将＂位、中、时、当＂作为主要元语言,＂位、中、时＂是意义发生的时空语境,而＂当＂则是这种时空语境下意义的评判,乃是超乎＂位、中、时＂之上的一种元元语言,它的存在乃是对前面元语言的价值判断。

The interpretation of Book of Changes, a system with its own unique structure, requires a series of metalanguages. The Code of Yi Jing is virtually a combination of hexagram images, hexagram statements, line statements and words of judgment. This system allows people to reveal laws, make predictions and ten fortunes through divination practices. In these practices, the diviners, after obtaining the images, explain them with their corresponding hexagram and line statements. These explanations must be translated into their corresponding metalanguages before the significance of the hexagrams can be fully appreciated. Among the metalanguages of Book of Changes are wei （ position ）, zhong （ moderateness ）, shi （time） and dang （appropriateness）. The first three specify the spatial-temporal contexts of the signifying process and the fourth is judgrnent of these contexts. As the value judgment of the other metalanguages, dang serves as a meta- metalanguage.