洋葱贮藏期青霉病病原菌的分离及鉴定

Isolation and identification of Penicillium species during storage of onions

【目的】明确甘肃洋葱贮藏期青霉病青霉菌的种类及其致病性.【方法】采用常规组织分离法对甘肃省5个县区洋葱贮藏期青霉病病样进行病原物的分离、纯化培养,同时采用形态学和rDNA-ITS分子生物学方法进行鉴定.【结果】共分离得到108株青霉菌菌株,分离频率为46.3%,其中青霉P1、P2、P3和P4的分离频率依次为30.5%、27.8%、22.2%和19.5%,P1为优势病原菌;结合形态学和rDNA-ITS分子生物学方法,鉴定出P1、P2、P3和P4分别为皮落青霉(Penicillium crustosum)、波兰青霉(Penicillium polonicum)、鲜绿青霉(Penicillium viridicatum)和光孢青霉(Penicillium glabrum).致病性测定结果表明,青霉菌P1、P2、P3和P4在有伤和无伤的条件下均能引起洋葱青霉病.【结论】皮落青霉(P.crustosum)、波兰青霉(P.polonicum)、鲜绿青霉(P.viridicatum)和光孢青霉(P.glabrum)是洋葱贮藏期青霉病的病原菌.

【Objective】In order to know Penicilliumspecies and its pathogenicity during storage of onions in Gansu province.【Method】Pathogens were isolated and cultivated purely by conventional tissue isolation method from 108 samples collected from 5counties in Gansu.【Result】The strains isolation frequency reached 46.3%,among which PenicilliumP1,P2,P3 and P4was 30.5%,27.8%,22.2%and 19.5%,respectively.P1 was the dominant pathogen of all strains.Using morphological and rDNA-ITS molecular biology method,P1,P2,P3 and P4 were identified as Penicillium crustosum,P.polonicum,P.viridicatum and P.glabrum,respectively.The pathogenicity test showed that strains P1,P2,P3 and P4all caused Penicilliumdisease symptoms on the condition of wound or no wound.【Conclusion】P.crustosum,P.polonicum,P.viridicatumand P.glabrumare the pathogens during storage of onions.