新一轮退耕还林还草工程:政策改进与执行智慧——基于2015年退耕还林社会经济效益监测结果的分析

The New Round of CCFP: Policy Improvement and Implementation Wisdom——Based on the Results of Social and Economic Benefit Inventory of CCFP in 2015

新一轮退耕还林还草工程启动标志着我国的林业生态补偿制度进入新阶段。为第一时间掌握工程初始阶段的进展,我们利用退耕还林社会经济效益监测平台,多方位、多角度研判工程趋势和焦点、难点。研究发现,由于借鉴了前一轮退耕还林经验,新一轮退耕在增进公平、提高效率和政策可持续性方面取得长足进展;各地结合实际积极创新工程实施途径,初步体现了中国特色的制度创新智慧;农户自愿参与原则得到较好体现,在是否参与退耕、退耕地块确定和树种选择等方面,农户有了更大的自主权。新一轮退耕面临的突出问题是大量25o以上坡耕地被划为基本农田,退耕地块落实难、零星分散,生态效果难体现。同时,退耕补助标准低,直接或间接挫伤了部分群众对这一惠民政策的再次启动的期待和热情。加强部门协作、调整退耕地条件、提高退耕补助标准、加强对工程实施的支持力度是新一轮退耕亟待的问题。

The launch of the new round of CCFP marked China enter new era of ecological compensation. To capture primary progress, difficulties and policy conflicts of the Program in first time, we conducted various survey through CCFP socio-economic monitoring system. It was found that drawn lessons from the first round of CCFP,the new CCFP has make much progress in terms of promoting equality, improving efficiency and sustainability. In implementation the program when facing policy conflicts, local government has innovated many approaches according to local condition and push the program forward, indicating Chinese wisdom of institutional innovation.The principle of voluntary participation of farmers has been better conducted and Farmers have greater autonomy on whether or not participate CCFP, plot and species choosing. Currently, the policy encountered considerable difficulties of CCFP plot selection on steep-slop core cropland due to land use conflicts and more accurate targeting requirement of the policy. Reduces subsidy also lower farmers＇ participation interests.