生产率、要素禀赋与中国企业出口行为选择——理论与经验研究

Productivity, Factor Endowment and Chinese Companies' Export Behavior:An Theoretical and Empirical Research

新-新贸易理论的假设条件并不完全符合中国实际国情,在我国要素禀赋变化后,对工资水平、贸易成本等理论中的关键假设也将产生重大影响。将新-新贸易理论拓展到包含两个发达国家、两个发展中国家的分析框架,对中国企业的出口选择进行了分析。同时,文章使用OP法测算了国有、私营、外资、港澳台等四种类型企业的生产率水平,结果显示我国出口企业整体生产率水平高于国内市场的企业,并不存在"生产率悖论";国有企业具有垄断地位、要素占有、市场准入等竞争优势,因而生产率高于外资类及私营企业。最后提出了通过企业改革促进产业结构调整与经济增长的相关建议。

The assumptions of the new-new trade theory are not completely in line with China＇s actual conditions. After the change of factor endowments, trade costs and wages will also change. The paper expands the theory to include two developed countries and two developing countries, and then analyzes the Chinese enterprises＇ choice of exporting. At the same time, it uses OP method to measure the productivity level of four types of enterprises. The results show that the productivity of the export enterprises is higher than that of the non-export enterprises in our country. The problem of ＂productivity paradox＂ does not exist; The state-owned enterprises have advantages in monopoly position, factor possession, and market entry, and so on, so their productivity is higher than that of foreign and private enterprises. Finally, this paper puts forward some suggestions on promoting industrial structure adjustment and economic growth through enterprise reform.