“孤岛”时期上海劳资关系中的民族主义

Nationalism in Shanghai Labor-Capital Relations during the “Isolated Island” Period

抗战初期民族主义在上海劳资关系中的表现,一是劳资间的隔膜消除,冲突事件骤然减少;二是劳资合作局面的出现。但这种靠民族情感维系的合作关系极为脆弱,日军经济封锁、企业陷入困境,劳资间的"曲为隐忍"也难以持久。1939年上海工业畸形繁荣、物价迅猛上涨,造成"工商企业类皆获利甚丰,而劳方阶级生活大难"的局面,劳资关系再度紧张,民族情感逐渐淡化。1940—1941年持续恶化的劳资关系被汪伪政权利用,日益激进的工潮集中到上海租界,以御侮救亡为目标的民族主义,被扭曲为指向租界欧美势力的激进主义。

Nationalism in Shanghai's labor-capital relations in the early period of China's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression expressed itself in two ways;first,misunderstandings between capital and labor were eliminated and the conflicts between them drastically decreased;second,the two parties began cooperating.However,the nationalistic feelings that held this kind of cooperation together were extremely fragile,and the combination of the Japanese army's economic blockade and predicament of local businesses meant that the 'tolerance' between labor and capital was difficult to maintain in the long term.In 1939,Shanghai's industry achieved unbalanced prosperity and prices rose rapidly,leading to a situation in which ' industrial and commercial enterprises earned rich profits,but the life of laborers became very difficult.' This resulted in renewed tension between labor and capital,and nationalistic feelings gradually diminished.From 1940 to1941,because Wang Jingwei's puppet government used the deterioration of labor-capital relations and increasingly radical labor protests concentrated in Shanghai's foreign concessions,the nationalism that was aimed at defending against foreign aggression and saving the nation was distorted into radicalism aimed at European and US forces in the foreign concessions.