和解制度所涉实体及程序问题研究

Research on Issues of Entity and Procedure in the Reconciliation System

和解是一类重要的典型合同,编纂民法典时应当对其要件、效力等作出规定。民事诉讼法应当赋予诉讼和解以既判力、执行力等公法上效力,使其区别于私法上和解。但诉讼和解有无效、可撤销等原因时,则应当适用民法之规定进行处理。当事人在诉讼过程中或者在判决确定后执行开始前,以及在执行程序中,均可以达成私法上和解,此种和解之私法上效力与生效判决的执行力均应受到尊重。为协调私法上和解与生效判决之关系,应当确立债务人异议之诉制度,但在此过程中,应当基于和解契约的原理和民事诉讼的原理,尽量对债权人的权利提供充分保障。

Since the settlement contract is an important kind of typical contracts, the civil code in the process of drafting should clearly prescribe its elements and effect. The civil procedure law should endow the litigation settlement with res judicata,executive force and some other effects in public law.Thus it can be distinguished from the reconciliation in private law. But when the void and revocable cause exists,it should be applied to the civil law. The parties can reconcile in the judicial procedure,in the execution procedure and after the confirmation of the judgment but before the execution.Both the private effect of this reconciliation and the executive force of effective judgment should be equally respected. In order to coordinate the two kinds of force above,the system of debtor dissidenceaction should be established. But in this process,based on the theory of the settlement contract and civil procedure law,we should safeguard the creditor's rights adequately to the greatest extent.