污染环境罪的主观心态

The Subjective Mentality of Environmental Pollution Crimes

关于污染环境罪的主观心态,存在三种意见:故意、过失与混合心态。没有理由惩罚某种行为的过失犯罪却不惩罚相同行为的故意犯罪,过失心态观点不能成立。混合心态观点存在着立法惯例和刑法原理的根本性悖论。污染环境罪不属于"法律有规定"的过失犯罪,而是属于仅描述客观构成要件而没有规定主观心态的故意犯罪,属于行为人对于严重污染环境后果所持故意心态的犯罪。法定刑高低或无变化不能成为该罪是过失犯罪的原因。司法解释关于该罪共同犯罪的规定与最高院公布的环境犯罪典型案例的裁判文书证明了该罪系故意犯罪的结论;司法解释关于该罪想象竞合犯的规定不能证明该罪是故意犯罪。通过过失心态观点和混合心态观点的"破"与故意心态观点的"立",得出污染环境罪无论在立法上还是在司法上都是故意犯罪的结论。

On the subjective mantiality of environmental pollution crimes,there are three kinds of opinions:intention,negligence and mixed mentality. There is no reason to punish a behavior of negligent crime,but not to punish the same behavior of intentional crime,so the point of negligence can not be established. The mixed mentality has a fundamental contradiction in the legislative practice and the principle of criminal law. The environmental pollution crimes do not belong to the negligent crime,but belong to the intentional crime with describing the objective elements rather than regulating the subjective mentality,and also belong to the intentional crime of environmental pollution. The statutory penalty is not the reason for proving that environmental pollution crimes are negligent crimes. The judicial interpretations on the provisions of environmental joint crimes and referee documents of typical cases of environmental crimes which announced by the Supreme Court can prove the conclusion of intentional crime,but the judicial interpretations on the provisions of environmental imaginative joinder of offenses can not prove the conclusion of intentional crime. After studying all the views of the subjective mentality of the environmental pollution crimes,a conclusion that the subjective mentality of the environmental pollution crimes is intentional is reached.