清末民初丝绸设计教育模式转型研究

Study on transformation of educational model of silk product design in the late Qing dynasty and the early Republic of China

中国丝绸精美瑰丽,在彰显中华文化的同时,传递着手工艺人夜以继日、心手合一的辛劳与情愫。这得益于师徒制教育的代代传承,但它却因袭固守、时长效低,无法适应新产业背景的变化。清末民初一系列工艺学堂的开办和新式学校的建立,预示着中国丝绸行业一直沿用的师徒制教育开始让位于具有学校性质的设计教育。这一转型突破了传统生产行业中制作与设计不相分离的局限,为机器工业生产培养了众多专业设计人才,适应了丝绸产业发展,对20世纪的丝绸设计影响深远。

Elegant and beautiful Chinese silk product design reflects Chinese culture and delivers effort and sincerity of crafters＇ hard-work everyday. This benefits from inheritance of mentorship,but it cannot adapt the changes of new industrial background due to conventionalism,time consuming and low efficiency. In the late Qing dynasty and early Republic of China,the setup of a series of technology schools and new schools indicated that mentorship education Chinese silk industry followed started to give way to the design education with school property. This transformation breaks through the limitation of traditional production industry-no separation of manufacturing and design,cultivates numerous design talents for engineering industry,adapts the development of silk industry and exerts far-reaching influence on silk design in the 20 thcentury.