古代医书中“剂量”含义词语演变略考

Evolution of “Dose”of meaning changes in ancient medical books

"剂"的本意是动词,表示剪齐的意思,"量"的本意是称量、测量、度量,而在中医学文献中,最开始用来表示"剂量"之意的词是"分量",通过对历代医书中"剂""量""剂量"的来源及其历史分布,运用训诂学对相关词义的解释,考证古代医书中表"剂量"含义词语的演变过程,可以清楚看到,"剂"在医书中多用来表示方剂之意,和数量词合用则表示一付药或一贴药,并且从东晋开始直到后世,一直沿用这两种意义;"量"在古代医书中多用作动词,表测量、度量之意,还用来表示名词,表计量单位或容器;在古代医书中常用"分量""分剂"来表示"剂量"之意。方剂的"剂量"经过了"分量(两)—分剂—剂—剂量"的演变过程,到了宋代才逐渐开始用"剂量"来表示方剂的剂量。

＂Agent＂is verb means cut neatly,＂quantity＂means weigh and measure. And in traditional Chinese medicine literature,＂component＂is the first word used to represent＂dose＂. Based on the＂agent＂,＂quantity＂in all medical books,and the source of the＂dose＂and its historical distribution,exegetical interpretation is used to explain related meaning,textual research the meaning of＂dose＂of ancient books. We can clearly see that ＂agent＂in the medical books is used to express the meaning of prescription,and when it is combined with quantifier then means a pair of medicine or drugs,and the two kinds of meaning starting from the Eastern Jin Dynasty until later ages; ＂Quantity＂in ancient books is often used as a verb means measurement,and it is also used as a nouns means units or container. ＂Component＂and＂points＂is commonly used to represent the meaning of＂dose＂in ancient medical books. Evolution process of＂dose＂passed＂component-points agent-agent-dose＂,and until Song dynasty＂dose＂gradually begin to use to represent the prescription dose.