建构与表征:旅游语境下阳朔客栈主身份认同研究

Construction and Representation:Identity of Yangshuo Innkeeper in the Context of Tourism

身份认同作为社会学的重要概念,是目前旅游研究中的热点之一。旅游发展过程中,不同利益主体在"自我"与"他者"的转换与互动中,动态地建构与表征着身份的认同,并能动地影响着旅游目的地系统的发展。以阳朔客栈主为例,探讨了旅游发展语境下客栈主身份认同的建构过程以及在身份认知、归属情感、身份评价与行为意向等4个维度下的具体表征。研究发现:在"自我"和"他者"的共同作用下,客栈主身份认同的建构经历了动态互动的变化过程。从客栈主的身份认知类型来看,可归纳为自由职业者、半自由职业者和客栈主3种类型;从客栈主的情感归属来看,存在积极和消极两种状态,积极的情感体现为喜欢以及自豪感,消极的情感集中体现为新鲜感过后的厌倦感;从客栈主对自我身份的评价来看,体现为开客栈过程中的收获以及为客栈业在阳朔旅游发展中的贡献等;从客栈主对行为意向来看,目前的表征状况多集中在"未知",即不确定是否会继续开下去。作为对客栈主身份认同的初步探讨,后续研究还需从定量与定性研究结合,进一步解释身份认同的动态建构过程与复杂的多元表征,并且对多个案例地的客栈进行对比分析,以期更客观、更全面地把握客栈主的身份认同研究方向。

As the main concept of sociology,identity is one of the hotspots in current tourism research.In the process of tourism development,different stakeholders construct and represent the identity dynamically in the transformation and interaction of＂the self＂and＂the other＂,and proactively influence the development of the tourism destination system.Take Yangshuo innkeeper as an example,the paper discusses the identity construction process of innkeeper in the context of tourism development as well as specific representation of four dimensions in identity cognition,affection,identity evaluation and behavioral intention.The study found that：under the joint action of＂the self＂and＂the other＂,the construction of innkeeper＇s identity has experienced dynamic interaction process.The innkeeper＇s identity cognitive type can be summarized as three types ：freelancers,half freelancers and innkeeper;From the point of innkeeper＇s affection,there exists positive and negative states,and the positive affection embodied in enjoy and sense of pride,negative affection embodiment for boredom after a freshness;Identity evaluation reflected as the harvest in the process of operating inn as well as the contribution of the inn industry in the development of tourism in Yangshuo;The behavioral intention of innkeeper more concentrated in the＂unknown＂state,namely the innkeeper isn＇t sure whether the inn will continue to be open.As the preliminary discussion of innkeeper＇s identity,follow-up studies still need the combination of the quantitative and qualitative research to further explain the dynamic construction process and the complex multiple representation of identity,and the contrast analysis of multiple cases to the inn,hoping to grasp the direction of identity research of innkeeper objectively and comprehensively.