豆基婴儿配方食品中异黄酮的安全性

The Safety of Isoflavones in Soy-based Infant Formulas

以大豆蛋白为基料的婴儿配方食品中异黄酮含量较高。由于异黄酮具有广泛的激素和非激素生理活性,所以近年来人们对豆基婴儿配方食品的安全性产生了质疑。研究显示,婴儿和成人一样具有消化、吸收和排出异黄酮的能力。专一食用豆基配方食品的婴儿每天摄入的异黄酮量是母乳喂养婴儿的1 000倍,其血浆中异黄酮浓度是母乳喂养或乳基配方喂养的100~200倍。研究者从个体生长、生殖系统、免疫功能、神经行为发育和甲状腺功能5个方面开展了大量的动物或人体实验,探究生命早期摄入高剂量异黄酮对生长发育可能带来的影响,然而异黄酮的剂量-效应关系以及豆基婴儿配方中异黄酮的限量标准还需开展更多的研究。

The infant formulas based on soy protein have been found in high concentrations of isoflavones. In recent years, the safety of these soy-based infant formulas has been questioned due to a wide range of hormonal and non-hormonal activities of isoflavones. It has been reported that infants are able to digest, absorb, and excrete isoflavones as efficiently as adults. Daily intake of isoflavones by infants exclusively fed soy-based formulas is 1 000 times higher than those with breast-feeding. And the plasma concentrations of isoflavones in infants fed soy-based formulas are 100-200 times higher than those fed either human breast-milk or cow-milk formulas. Researchers have carried out a large number of animal and human experiments to find the potential adverse effects of being exposed to high doses of isoflavones in the early life on growth and development from five aspects, including individual growth, reproductive system, immunologic function, neurobehavioral development and thyroid function. But there are still more researches needed to be done on the dose- effect relationship of isoflavones and to set standard for the isoflavones limits in soy-based infant formulas.