车用质子交换膜燃料电池电堆保温仿真研究

Simulation study of heat insulation on automobile proton exchange membrane

建立10 k W燃料电池电堆有限元的简化仿真模型。未采取保温措施时,在-20、-10和15℃的环境温度下,电堆从80℃降低到0℃所用的时间分别为3.0、4.0和8.0 h;用20 mm厚的聚苯乙烯在-20℃环境中对电堆进行保温,电堆从80℃降低到0℃需要26.3 h,电堆内部温差约为2℃,热流在电堆的四个面均匀分布;用20 mm厚的VIP(真空绝缘板)在-20℃环境中对电堆进行保温,电堆从80℃降低到0℃需要34.8 h。因此,用20 mm厚的聚苯乙烯或VIP在-10和-20℃的环境下对燃料电池发动机的电堆进行保温,可满足燃料电池汽车冬季上下班运行的需求。

A simplified simulation model of the finite element for the 10 k W fuel cell stack was built. The stack without heat preservation measures spent 3.0, 4.0, and 8.0 h from 80 ℃ to 0 ℃ in the climate chamber of-20 ℃,-10 ℃and 15 ℃, respectively. Heat insulation time of the stack from 80 ℃ to 0 ℃ required 26.3 h when the polystyrene of20 millimeters was used as heat insulator. The temperature difference of the stack interior was about 2℃. Heat insulation time of the stack could reach 45 h in the ambient condition of-20 ℃ when the vacuum insulation plate of20 millimeters was used as heat insulator. Therefore, it met the commuting demand of the winter for the fuel cell automobile when the polystyrene or the vacuum insulation plate of 20 millimeters was used as heat insulator for the stack of fuel cell engine.