苏州市某社区老年人跌倒发生率的调查

Falling incidence among ederly people in a community of Suzhou city

目的调查苏州市某社区老年人近一年内跌倒发生情况，为制订预防老年人跌倒相关措施提供参考依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法抽取苏州市某社区60岁及以上老年人1342名，采用面对面访谈形式调查老年人近一年内跌倒的情况。结果1342例中，过去1年共有223人发生392次跌倒，跌倒发生率为16．62％；其中女性650人，跌倒发生率为22．62％；男性692人，跌倒发生率为10：98％，女性高于男性（x2=32．734，P〈0．01）。60～69、70-79、80-89、≥90岁的老年人跌倒发生率分别为11．33％，16．40％，18．52％，26．67％；跌倒发生率随年龄增长而增加（趋势X2检验，x2=11．261，P〈0．01）。223人中，仅有5．38％例无损伤，72．65％为软组织损伤，18．39％因擦伤等就医，3．59％的老年人导致骨折，其中髋部骨折占62．50％。跌倒的223人中，害怕再次跌倒者占75．35％，因跌倒而限制自身活动者占32．74％。结论该社区老年人跌倒发生率较高，跌倒后造成老年人严重的身体与心理上的伤害，迫切需要制订有效措施预防老年人跌倒。

Objective To investigate the incipience of falls in elderly people in a community of Suzhon during the past year and to provide evidence of preventive interventions. Methods The study collected 1 342 elderly people aged 60 and above, from a community of Suzhou using the method of cluster sampling. The participants were face-to-face interviewed their falling experiences during last year. Results A total of 223 people of the participants had falling experiences and occurred 392 times of falling during last year, and the failing incidence was 16.62%. Among these cases, 650 （22.62%） were female; 692 （10.98%） were male; the incidence of female was higher than the male （ x2 = 32.734, P 〈 0.01 ）. The falling incidence rates of age 60 -69, 70 -79, 80 -89 and over 90 were 11.33%, 16.40%, 18.52%, 26.67% ; falling incidence was increased with the age （x2 = 11. 261 ,P 〈 0. 01 ）. In 223 falling cases, only 5.38% had not injured; 72.65% had soft tissue injury; 18.39% were bruised; 3.59% had fractures and 62.50% of them were hip fracture. 75.35% of the people who had falling experience were afraid of second-time falling, while 32.74% had limited the activities because of falling. Conclusions .The falling incidence is very high in this community and falling experiences have negative effects on both physical and psychological health in elderly people. For this reason, effective preventive interventions are urged for these groups.