不同小儿头皮静脉留置针在门诊输液中应用效果与安全性比较

Comparison of clinical effects and safety of infant scalp venous indwelling needle in the outpatientinfusion therapy

目的探讨不同小儿头皮静脉留置针在门诊输液中应用效果与安全性，提出相关护理对策。方法采用便利抽样的方法，选取2011年1月-2014年11月在我院门诊输液患儿780例，随机分为观察组400例，对照组380例，观察组使用Y型针管回缩式安全静脉留置针，对照组使用直型安全型静脉留置针，比较两组穿刺一次成功率、输液并发症和满意度。结果观察组穿刺一次成功率97．3％，对照组为85．3％，差异有统计学意义（x2=8．377，P〈o．05）。输液期间观察组的液体外渗、针头脱出、静脉炎、导管堵塞等并发症总发生率5．5％，对照组21．1％，差异有统计学意义（x2=8．137，P〈0．05）。观察组家属对于穿刺满意度为98．5％，对照组为91．1％，差异有统计学意义（Uc=6．398，P〈0．05）。结论采取针对性的护理对策能提高穿刺成功率，减少并发症的发生，提高满意度。

Objective To investigate the failure reasons of children scalp vein in the clinic infusion therapy applications and put forward relevant nursing. Methods A total of 780 infusion children in the outpatient from January 2011 to November 2014 were randomly admitted to either intervention group （n = 380） or control group （n = 400）. The patients of control group adopted straight-safe intravenous catheter and the patients of intervention group received Y-shaped needle retraction safety intravenous catheter. The patients of two groups were given positively nursing intervention. Results The successful puncture rates in the treatment group were 97.3%, and it were 85.3 % in the control group （ x2 = 8. 377, P 〈 0. 05 ）, The failure of 67 children in both groups were main due to the nurses, children and family factors. During the infusion, the complication rates of fluid extravasation, needles prolapse, phlebitis, catheter blockage in the treatment ：group were significantly lower than that of the control group （5.5% vs 21.1%,x2 = 8. 137, P 〈 0. 05 ）. The puncture satisfaction for the families was 98.5% in the treatment group, so that it was 91.1% in the control group （ Uc =6, 398,P 〈0. 05）. Conclusions Taking appropriate countermeasures according to the reasons can improve the success rate and reduce the incidence of complications, thereby increase the puncture satisfaction.