个体化延续护理对哮喘患儿治疗效果的影响

Individualized extended care influence on the therapeutic effect of children with asthma

目的研究个体化延续护理对哮喘患儿治疗效果的影响。方法选取2013年8月-2014年3月进行治疗的哮喘病患儿80例，采用随机数字表法分为干预组40例和对照组40例。对照组采用常规的护理教育方式，干预组采取个体化延续护理，包括电话回访、网络讨论以及家庭访视等方式。对两组患者进行为期6个月的数据收集和健康状况调查，包括患儿用药依从性、家长护理知识掌握情况、治疗结果和复发情况，并进行统计学分析。结果干预前对两组患者的年龄、性别、病程、病情等信息进行统计学分析，两组数据差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。干预后对两组患者用药依从性进行评价，干预组依从性好为24例，对照组为11例；发作次数干预组平均值为（2．3±0．7）次，对照组为（4．2±1．5）次；急诊干预组为（1．4±0．6）次，对照组为（3．8±1．7）次；再住院次数干预组为（0．3±0．1）次，对照组为（0．7±0．2）次；治疗显效率干预组为55．0％，对照组为50．0％。对收集数据进行统计学分析，两组数据差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。干预组治疗效果显著高于对照组，哮喘再发率明显降低。结论个体化延续护理在提高患儿依从性、降低再发率和治疗有效率方面具有显著效果。

Objective To explore the influences of individualized extended care on the therapeutic effects of children with asthma. Methods A total of 80 hospitalized children patients with asthma from August 2013 to March 2014 were randomly admitted to intervention group （n = 40 ） and control group （n = 40 ）. The patients in the control group adopted routine care and the patients of intervention group received post-discharge extended care （telephone interviews, internet discussions, home visits, etc. ）. 6 months after the data collection and health surveys, outcome quality was measured and analyzed. Results Before intervention, there were no significant differences （ P 〉 0.05 ） between the two groups about the age, gender, disease duration, illness etc. We assessed compliance （intervention group vs. control group： 24 vs. 11 ）, the average frequency of asthma attacks [ intervention group vs. control group ： （2.3 ±0. 7 ） vs （4.2 ± 1.5 ） ] , emergency treatment [ intervention group vs. control group ： （ 1.4 ± 0.6） vs （ 3.8 ± 1.7 ） ], times of re-hospitalization [ intervention group vs. control group： （0.3 ±0. 1 ） vs （0.7 ± 0.2） ] and curative effects （ intervention group vs control group ： 55.0% vs 50.0% ） after the intervention. The difference between two groups was significant （ P 〈 0.05）. The curative effects in the intervention group was apparently higher than that of control group, but the recurrence of intervention group was lower that of the control group. Conclusions The individualized extended care is effective to improve the compliance of children, curative effects, and reduce recurrence rate.