两汉之际由“谏大夫”到“谏议大夫”研究

The Study of “Jian Dafu”and “Jianyi Dafu”During Western-Eastern Han Dynasties

谏官之职我国古而有之。然而,专职谏官在春秋战国时期由于诸侯风起,其名称也各有不同:春秋时期有太师、太傅,齐国有大谏,晋国有中大夫;战国时期,赵国有左司过、右司过;秦汉时有给事中、谏议大夫、光禄大夫等。纵观整个汉朝(西汉、东汉)的历史,就会发现在谏官制度中占有重要地位的专职"谏大夫"一职在两汉之际发生了明显的演变,文章就"谏大夫"的官职名称何时变为"谏议大夫",为何改变官职名称,官职人员数量的增加及俸禄的变化等进行研究。

The court-admonisher is a traditional Chinese post. However,professional censors had various terms in different kingdoms at the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods： for example： Taishi,Taifu,Dajian in Qi,Zhong Dafu in Jin. The Han history saw a change of the name of this post between the Western and Eastern Han Dynasties.When the name had been changed from ＂Jian Dafu＂to ＂Jianyi Dafu＂,as well as why,is studied here. Additionally,it is also studied how many officials had been added and the change of their salary.