山豆根中生物碱的毒性研究进展

Research Progress on Toxicity of Alkaloids in Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma

目的:介绍山豆根中生物碱的毒性研究进展。方法:查阅国内外相关资料从临床表现、实验室研究及毒性机制3个方面,对山豆根毒性研究进行汇总、分析、综述。结果:山豆根具有神经毒性、肝毒性、心血管毒性及引起胃肠道反应、过敏反应。毒性以胃肠道反应、肝毒性为主,但是以神经毒性为最。结论:山豆根中生物碱是引起毒性反应的物质基础,其中苦参碱和氧化苦参碱是主要毒性成分,超剂量服用是中毒的主要原因,毒性机制与抑制体内乙酰胆碱酯酶活性及氧化应激、炎症损伤相关。

Objective： To introduce the research progress on toxicology of alkaloids in Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma（ STRR）. Method： The studies on toxicity of STRR were summarized,analyzed and reviewed from clinical manifestations, laboratory studies and toxicity mechanism by accessing relevant information and references. Result： STRR has neurotoxicity,hepatotoxicity,cardiovascular toxicity,and can induce gastrointestinal side effects and allergic reaction. The toxicity was focused on gastrointestinal side effects and hepatotoxicity. However,neurotoxicity was most significant. Conclusion： Alkaloids of STRR are the material basis for toxic reaction. Both matrine and oxymatrine are the major toxic components of STRR. Overdose is a major cause of poisoning and the mechanism of toxicity is primarily related to the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity and oxidative stress as well as inflammatory injury.