欧洲甜樱桃中心主干形“促枝促花”技术研究进展

Research Progress in Improving Sweet Cherry Branching and Flowering with a Main Central Leader

围绕中心干尽快促发分布合理的主枝是欧洲甜樱桃中心主干形培养和提早结果的关键。本文综述了中心干分枝产生的影响因素,以及短截、摘心、化学促枝、拉枝、微修剪(如刻芽、抹芽)等促发分枝技术对分枝发生和花芽分化的影响、机理及应用效果;指出只有各单项技术有机结合才能取得促枝促花的良好效果,而且大量分枝的产生分散了原有枝条长势,从而有利于花芽形成。

Promoting formation of lateral branches well distributed along the central leader is very important for canopy development and early fruiting of sweet cherry. Factors affecting branching and flower bud differentiation were summarized,as well as the effects,mechanisms and application effects of horticultural approaches such as branch shortening,shoot topping and bending,branch induction with plant growth regulators,micro-pruning（ e. g. notching and bud selection）. It was suggested that the most favorable results could be obtained only when organically combining the above techniques depending on conditions. It was also true that the greater the number of lateral shoots produced along the central leader,the greater the diffusion of growth vigor,which was favorable for flower bud differentiation.