我国中小学应对雾霾污染应急预案有效性评估

Effectiveness Evaluation on the Primary and Secondary School's Contingency Plans for Haze Pollution

近年来,我国大部分地区空气质量受到雾霾的持续严重污染,为应对越来越频繁的雾霾污染天气,各地区应急预案相应出台,但由于雾霾预测的技术难度大以及持续的时效性等特点,对应急预案能否及时有效地贯彻实施提出了严峻的考验。结合当前国家相关政策和社会环境要求,在遵循应急管理流程的阶段性特点的基础上,深入分析应急预案内容的完整性、操作性、快速性、灵活性等因素,建立了包含3层指标的评估体系。以2014年雾霾污染较严重的18个城市为样本,对雾霾污染应急预案及相关政策性文件实施的有效性进行评估,找出应急预案有效性弱化的主要原因,进而提出了有针对性的政策建议和防范措施,有利于提高我国应对雾霾污染的成效。

In recent years,heavy air pollution events happened a lot. However,due to the technical difficulty of the haze,and the characteristics of the continuous effectiveness of pollution,it is a severe test for the timely and effective implementation of the contingency plan. In this paper,we select 18 cities of the municipality directly under the central government and provincial capital cities according to the severity PM2. 5 ranked 129 cities of published by Ministry of Environmental Protection in 2014 to assess the effectiveness of heavy air pollution contingency plans measures in kindergarten,primary and secondary education system. Based on the data analysis,content analysis and in- depth comparative analysis,will find out the reasons and the key to weaken contingency plans＇ execution. It puts forward targeted measures to improve our country middle and primary school and kindergarten education system for haze crisis response results.