基于大样本调查的本科学生与高职学生创业认知差异分析

Analysis on Variance in Entrepreneurial Cognition of Undergraduates and Vocational Students Based on Large Sample Investigation

以"高校创新创业教育协作网络"组织并开展的"2015年在校大学生创业态度和创业意向调查"为数据来源,分析了来自全国37所本科院校和15所高职院校的15624份问卷。通过探索性因子分析研究了本科学生和高职学生在创业意向、创业态度、创业环境感受和创业要素认知4个构念下多个维度的情况;通过单因素方差分析研究了本科学生和高职学生在创业意向、创业态度、创业环境感受和创业要素认知方面的差异。研究发现:高职学生的创业意向比本科学生强烈;本科学生和高职学生都认为自我实现是创业的最大价值;本科学生偏向于将经济追求置于第二位,而高职学生认为社会贡献是第二位的;高职学生比本科学生对创业环境的认可度更高,两者在家庭环境感受上的差异最大;本科学生和高职学生都认为创业成功的关键要素中"资源要素>理念要素>社会要素"。在上述研究结果的基础上,对国内高校开展差异化创业教育提出了相关建议。

Based on the data from″Survey of 2015 College Students′Entrepreneurial Attitude and Entrepreneurial Intention″organized by″Collaborative Network of College Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education″,this paper analyzes the 15624 questionnaires from 37 universities and15vocational colleges.Through the exploratory factor analysis,it divides entrepreneurial intention,entrepreneurial attitude,entrepreneurial environment feeling and entrepreneurial element cognition into multiple dimensions.And through the one-way ANOVA,it researches the differences in entrepreneurial cognitions between undergraduate students and vocational students.The result shows as follows：vocational students have more entrepreneurial intention than undergraduate students;self-actualization is the greatest significance for entrepreneurs,but undergraduate students prefer economic benefits,while vocational students prefer social contribution;vocational students are more positive with entrepreneurial environment than undergraduate students,and the most divergence is family environment;all the inquirers consider that″resource elementsidea elementssocial elements″,among all the entrepreneurial elements.Based on the research results,it offers some policy suggestions on differentiated entrepreneurial education for universities and vocational colleges.