恩格斯究竟如何理解人道主义?

How does Engels Understand the Humanism?

回顾总结恩格斯在人道主义问题上的基本观点,不仅有助于我们从总体上把握恩格斯哲学的历史与逻辑,而且对于我们正确理解马克思主义与人道主义的关系以及深化马克思主义哲学史研究具有重要意义。恩格斯在面对人道主义时始终秉持着历史观与价值观的双重界分,在批判和解构人道主义历史观之逻辑前提与论证思路的同时,并没有舍弃在价值观层面上的人道精神、人道原则与人道理想。即便对于人道史观,恩格斯也经过了一个从原初认同到批判超越的转变过程,这一转变的实现得益于唯物史观的创立,特别是政治经济学批判的深入。正是在后者的基础上,人道主义的价值观与科学的唯物史观实现了更高层面上的共存和统一,由此,马克思主义的人道主义得以证成。

Reviewing the basic views on humanism of Engels is not only helpful for us to grasp the history and logic of his philosophy generally,but also of great significance for us to understand the relationship between Marxism and humanism correctly as well as to deepen the research of the history of Marxist philosophy. In face of humanism Engels always distinguished between the levels of history and values,he criticized and deconstructed the logical premise and arguments of humanitarian views of history,while not abandoning the level of humanitarian values,principles and ideal. Even for humanitarian views of history,Engels had also a transition process from original recognition to critique,and the reason of this transformation lies in the creation of historical materialism,particularly the critique of political economy. It is based on the latter that humanitarian values and scientific materialism could achieve the coexistence and unity on a higher level,from which Marxist humanism would be justified.