奶牛隐性子宫内膜炎诊断技术研究进展

Research Progress on Diagnosis Methods of Subclinical Endometritis in Dairy Cows

奶牛隐性子宫内膜炎在以子宫内膜被嗜中性粒细胞(PMN)持续性的广泛浸润为主要特征,没有直观的临床症状,经常导致奶牛屡配不孕。在中国,由子宫内膜炎引起的奶牛不孕的比例达50.62%,且由隐性子宫内膜炎引起的奶牛不孕占其中的90%。由于隐性子宫内膜炎在发病初期不易被观察到,容易错过最佳治疗时间,造成巨大的经济损失,故如何对其做出正确、及时的诊断成了近年来的研究热点。目前,国内外奶牛隐性子宫内膜炎的诊断方法主要有阴道内窥镜法、细胞刷法、活体组织诊断法、超声诊断法及白血球酯酶法等,但目前这些诊断方法没有统一的判断标准。本文对几种不同的奶牛隐性子宫内膜炎的诊断方法进行了综述,为更早、更准确地诊断隐性子宫内膜炎提供依据。

In the absence of clinical symptoms,dairy cows with subclinical endometritis are defined as sustainably extensive infiltration with the polymorphonuclear cells（PMN）in endometrial samples,and it often lead to dairy cow with repeated infertility.In China,the infertility proportion of dairy cows is 50.62%caused by endometritis,in which 90%is caused by subclinical endometritis.It is difficult to be observed during the early stage of subclinical endometritis,and the best treatment time is delayed in the most cases causing huge economic losses.So it has become a research hotspot to make correctly and timely diagnosis of this disease.At present,the main diagnosis methods of dairy cows subclinical endometritis are vagina endoscope method,cell brush,biopsy technology,ultrasonic diagnosis technology,leukocyte esterase method and so on.However there is no uniform criterion.Different diagnosis methods of subclinical endometritis were summarized,analyzed and discussed in this paper to provide the references for the subclinical endometritis diagnosis more accurately and earlier,and reduce the losses of dairy farms.