混合植物蛋白替代鱼粉对杂交鲟幼鱼生长、排氨率和转氨酶活性的影响

Effect of Fish Meal Replaced by Blended Plant Proteins on Growth,Ammonia-N Excretion and Hepatic Transaminase Activities in Juvenile Hybrid Sturgeon

试验研究了豆粕、菜粕和棉粕组成的混合植物蛋白替代饲料中鱼粉,对杂交鲟幼鱼的生长、排氨率及转氨酶活性的影响。共设计了5种等氮、等能的饲料,分别用混合植物蛋白替代饲料中0%、25%、50%、75%和100%的鱼粉。养殖周期为84d,幼鱼平均体质量（8.63±0.23）g,流水养殖,水流速为0.2m/s,水温18～20℃。结果显示,100%试验组终末均质量、质量增加率和特定生长率显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）,而存活率显著低于其他各组（P〈0.05）。25%和50%试验组排氨率较低,均显著低于其他各组（P〈0.05）。75%和100%试验组谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性无显著差异（P〉0.05）,但均显著低于其他各组（P〈0.05）。建议混合植物蛋白替代杂交鲟幼鱼饲料中鱼粉的比例不高于50%。

A 12-week trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of replacing fishmeal（FM）with soybean meal（SBM）,rapeseed meal（RM）and cottonseed meal（CSM）on growth,ammonia-N excretion and hepatic transaminase activities in juvenile hybrid sturgeon（Acipenser baerii♂ × A.schrenckii♀）with initial body weight of（8.63±0.23）g.The hybrid sturgeon juveniles were fed five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets replaced with 0（0%,control）,25%（25%）,50%（50%）,75%（75%）and 100%（100%）of FM by SBM,RM and CSM for 84 days.The results showed that the fish had significantly lower survival in group 100%than in other groups（P〉0.05）.The final body weight,weight gain rate,and specific growth rate were significantly lower in group 100%than that in the control（P〈0.05）.The fish fed the diets replaced with 25% and 50% of FM by SBM,RM and CSM showed lower ammonia-N excretion rate compared with fish fed the diets replaced with 0%,75%and 100% of FM by SBM,RM and CSM.There were significantly lower activities of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase（GPT）and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase（GOT）in group 75%and group 100%than those in group 0%,group 25%and group 50%（P0.05）.In conclusion,it is suggested that the maximum replacement ratio of FM by a mixture of SBM,RM and CSM be less than 50% based on the growth performance,ammonia-N excretion rate and the liver transaminase activities in the juvenile hybrid sturgeon.