温度骤降对光滑河兰蛤的胁迫效应

Stress Responses of ClamPotamocorbulalaevisto Sharp Decrease in Temperature

设置3种温度骤降模式,研究光滑河兰蛤肌肉中可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量及超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、总抗氧能力、碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶和溶菌酶活力。试验结果表明,3种降温模式对试验蛤肌肉中各生化指标均有显著影响(P<0.05)。试验过程中,可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量均能维持初始水平。大幅降温和中幅降温组中超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活力在1h内显著降低,过氧化氢酶活力在3h后开始趋于稳定;小幅降温组超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活力随胁迫时间延长均呈升高-降低-再升高的波动变化;总抗氧能力在3种降温模式中均呈波动变化。碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶活力在大幅降温组和中幅降温组均呈波动变化;在小幅降温组,二者均在1h内显著降低,6h后趋于稳定;溶菌酶活力在3种降温模式中均呈波动变化,6h后均出现大幅波动。研究结果显示,温度骤降会影响机体生理功能和免疫力,可能是诱发水产动物疾病的原因之一。

In this study,the changes in concentration of soluble proteins and soluble sugars,total antioxidant capacity（T-AOC）,and activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD）,catalase（CAT）,alkaline phosphatase（AKP）,acid phosphatase（ACP）and lysozyme（LSZ）were investigated in mature clamPotamocorbula laevis exposed to sharp change in water temperature from 8,4and 2°C to-2°C for 0,1,3,6,9and24 h.There was significant effect of 3acute temperature decrease models on all biochemical indices（P〈0.05）.During the experiment,the concentrations of soluble proteins and soluble sugars were maintained at the initial level.The activities of SOD and CAT were found to be declined significantly within 1h,and CAT activity became stable within 3hin large and medium fluctuation of temperature decrease treatments（Tdec1and Tdec2treatments）.However,the activities of SOD and CAT showed an increase-decrease-increase change trend in small fluctuation of temperature decrease treatment（in Tdec3treatment）.The fluctuation of T-AOC activity was observed under the 3kinds of stress models,especially the activities of ACP and AKP in Tdec1 and Tdec2treatments.In Tdec3 treatment,however,the activities of ACP and AKP were declined significantly within 1h,and then stable within 6h.The LSZ activity showed fluctuating changes in the clam exposed to the 3kinds of temperature decrease models,the large fluctuations 6hafter administration.The findings indicated that the rapid decrease in temperature as an important ecological factor has profound effects on physiological and immune functions inducing diseases of organisms in aquaculture.