基于冲击伤诊治思考--非战争性爆炸的防护策略

Thinking of the defensive strategy on the non-martial explosion on account of the diagnosis and therapy of blast injury

和平时期,由于爆破作业、恐怖袭击以及易爆危险品失控性爆炸,可造成严重的爆炸伤亡事故。回顾近十年来,严重爆炸事故在国内呈逐渐增多趋势,而爆炸冲击伤作为现场人员致死、致残的主要致伤原因,虽已引起国内医学界关注,但针对爆炸冲击伤的关注更多集中在诊治水平的渐进提升方面,对于爆炸冲击伤的防护研究虽已进行了积极探索,并在实验研究方面积累了许多数据,但在防护材料、防护装备以及防护策略的理论跟进和深度挖掘上亟待加强。笔者从冲击伤诊治角度反思了对冲击伤防护措施的现实需求,并结合冲击伤防护材料与装备研发现状,探讨了非战争性爆炸防护策略的精准性和适配性。这对于相当长的时期内,在尚无法杜绝爆炸事故发生条件下,无疑具有重大理论价值和现实指导意义。

In the peacetime,various explosions,such as blasting operation,terrible attack and uncontrolled explosions of explosive dangerous goods always account for severe casualty. Through a retrospective analysis in recent ten years,the giant explosive accidents were found to show the tendency of gradual increase in China. Unfortunately,the explosive blast injury remains the principal casualty reasons. It has been attracted much attention in the medical circles.Recently,the main interest in the blast injury focuses on the step-by-step improvement of diagnostic and therapeutic levels.The protective measures on the explosive blast injury have also been investigated actively.Some valuable data have been gathered. However,it remains to be strengthened in the protective materials,protective devices as well as the theoretical evacuation of defensive strategy. In the present paper,we reflected the real need of defensive measures from the view of diagnosis and therapeutics of blast injury. The precision and suitability of protective strategy concerning the non-martial explosions have also been extensively discussed with regard to the current situation of the research in the protective materials as well as equipments of blast injury. Consequently,it is of great importance in theory and practice in the defense of blast injury owing to the long-term existence of explosive accidents in future.