矿山废弃地植被恢复方式对土壤性质的影响

Effect of Mine Wastelands Vegetation on Soil Properties

土壤是生态系统中的重要组成,矿山废弃地的土壤一般发生严重退化,直接影响到废弃地植被生长,因此,矿山废弃地植被恢复方式对土壤物理性质和养分有重要影响。基于国内外研究现状,在某矿区废弃地设置了6种植被恢复方式,并与未设置恢复的废弃地进行对比。土壤的物理化学性质是决定土壤肥力的主要因素,现场采集了恢复后的土壤剖面样品,并分析了土壤的物理化学特征,对各影响因子进行相关性分析,采用主成分分析法对各方案改良效果进行综合评价。研究表明:不同恢复方式下,土壤物理化学性质存在明显差异,改良土壤的物理化学性能均优于对照荒地;混交林的改良效果比纯林好,其中沙棘、紫穗槐混交林恢复方式的改良效果最好。

Soil is the important composition of ecosystem. Mine soil generally is seriously degraded and directly affects vegetation growth,so the way of vegetation restoration in coal mine has important influence on soil physical properties and nutrients. Based on the research status at home and abroad,6 planting restoration methods were set up in mine spoils,and compared with the original wasteland. Chemical and physical properties of soil is the main factor of determining soil fertility. The physical and chemical characteristics of the soil samples collected after recovery were analyzed,and the correlation analysis was done on impact factors. The principal component analysis was adopted to evaluate the improvement effect of the program. Research showed that： there exists significant difference in soil physical and chemical properties under the different recovery mode,and the physical and chemical properties of improved soil were greater than the original. The improved effect of matched group is better than the pure forest,among which the mixed forest of sea-buckthorn and amorpha fruticosa is best.