Sitten和Moral的含义及其演变——从康德、费希特到黑格尔

On the Meanings and Evolutions of Sitten and Moral

Sitten和Moral是西方实践哲学中的两个核心概念,然而它们在德国古典哲学中的含义和在中文译本中的翻译却存在诸多模糊和混淆的地方,亟待澄清。因此,本文试图扼要阐明Sitten和Moral在康德、费希特和黑格尔实践哲学中的用法和含义,并梳理它们的演变特征。本文指出,康德在这两个概念的使用上是不甚明确的,他更多地是在"道德"的含义上使用"伦理"一词,费希特在康德道德学的基础上建立起了真正意义上的伦理学,而黑格尔带着对古希腊伦理生活的思乡之情,站在绝对观念论的高度,对Sittlichkeit和Moralitt进行了彻底改造,用"法"将两者统一起来,使之变成绝对精神的发展环节。

Sitten and Moral are two central concepts in the western practical philosophy,but their meanings in the classical German philosophy and their translations in Chinese versions are always vague and confused,which are need to be clarified. Therefore,this paper attempts to expound briefly Sitten and Moral's usages and meanings in the practical philosophy of Kant, Fichte and Hegel, and clear up their evolution characteristics. This paper insists that Kant is not very clear and definite in the usage of these two concepts,and he uses the word of Sitten mainly the meaning of Moral. Moreover,Fichte establishes ethics in the real sense based on Kant's moral,while with the nostalgia to ancient Greek Sittlichkeit and standing at the absolute idealism,Hegel reforms Sittlichkeit and Moralitt entirely and makes them two developing moments of absolute spirit.