“S比N_1还N_2”的语言哲学解读(上)

The Explanation of “S bi N_1 hai N_2”from the Perspective of Philosophy of Language(Ⅰ)

现代汉语副词"还"含有"达量、持量、增量"乃至"过量"(进入对立范畴)等意义,它们形成一个弹性量域的连续体,在这一意义的压制下可实现范畴层次之间或跨范畴的转换。正是由于"还"具有这些意义和功能,当其用于"S比N1还N2"构式中时,使得N2发生范畴层次变化,很多学者从语义语用、语法修辞、隐喻转喻和构式语法等角度进行较为深入的研究。笔者在此基础上尝试从全新的角度对其进行"语言哲学"解读,主要包括以下3点:1从指称到非指称;2从客观描述到主观评价;3从确定性到模糊性。

Adverb ＂hai（ 还） ＂in Modern Chinese implies a semantic continuum of quantity： approaching,maintaining,increasing a certain quantity,even exceeding it（ thus entering into an opposite category）,with whose coercion appears a transition between the different levels in a category or between categories. Owing to this meaning and function of hai,when this word applied to the Construction ＂S bi N_1 hai N_2（ more N-er than N） ＂,N_2 will change the category level. Many scholars have made deeper researches on this construction from the viewpoint of semantics and pragmatics,grammar and rhetoric,metaphor and metonymy,and construction grammar,etc. The author,on the basis of their papers,has attempted to make explanation by means of a brand-new viewpoint ＂philosophy of language＂,mainly including the following 3 points： ① from reference to non-reference; ② from objective description to subjective evaluation; ③ from definiteness to fuzziness.