中西方文学中人文精神的起源、内涵与精神体现的差异性分析

The Origin and Connotation of Humanistic Spirit and the Differences of Spirit Embodied in Chinese and Western Literature

人文精神是人类共同的精神现象,在文学中通过作者自我塑造和社会反映,带有对人与宇宙、自然和社会关系的思考性。本文首先比较中西方文学中人文精神的起源与内涵,然后通过分析作品重点比较人文精神表现的差异性,包括群体性的"仁者爱人"与个体性的自我批判、天人合一与人神对立以及民生与民权等。研究发现,中西方文学中的人文精神不管源起于何时,都关注和思考人本身;人文精神的重点在于思考人本和民本。但是,因为中西方文化基础不同,所以体现在文学中的人文性有差异,如中国文学中的人学更加重视群体性的仁者爱人,而西方则很早就开始兴起自我批判。

The humanistic spirit is humanity＇s common spiritual phenomenon. It formed in literature through the author＇s self and social reflection. It is thought-provoking about man,universe,nature,and social relations. This paper attempts to compare the origin and connotation of humanistic spirit in Chinese and Western literature,then it analyzes the differences of the humanistic spirit,including Benevolence in confucius ethics and the self-criticism of individuality,harmony between man and nature and people against God,and the people＇s livelihood and civil rights. It is found out that regardless of origins both Chinese and Western humanistic spirits have a concern for man himself. The key to humanistic spirit is in human-oriented and people-oriented concept.However,because of the different cultures,the humanism embodied in literature is quite different. For instance,the Chinese literature pays much attention to the love for others,while the Western literature cherishes self-criticism.