劳动力成本与利润差异对制造业升级的影响研究

Research on the Effect of Labor Cost and Profit Difference on Manufacturing Upgrading

引入单位劳动力成本和人均利润,考量劳动力成本与利润影响制造业升级的效应。结果表明:样本期间内虽然劳动力成本快速上涨,但劳动生产率增速更快,制造业整体单位劳动力成本没有上升,且有小幅下降,劳动密集型制造业仍有一定综合成本优势,但其人均利润低于制造业整体水平,比重总体下降,发展后劲不足,须转型升级;资本密集型虽然利润率相对较低,但人均利润为最高,比重不断上升,仍应是当前发展的重点;技术密集型比较优势不明显,急需突破核心技术,提高综合国际竞争力。

It is generally believed that with the rising labor cost,the profit and proportion of labor,capital and technology intensive manufacturing will successively show the tendency of declining,first rising then falling,and keeping rising.But,according to the relational data of 2001~2013,the fact is not that.Therefore,further,this article makes an empirical study on this question by introducing unit labor cost and per capital profit in the model,it turned out that labor cost is rapidly raising in recent years in China,but labor productivity grows faster than the labor cost,unit labor cost even has a little decrease.Therefore,in China,labor-intensive manufacturing still has a little composite cost advantage.But it should be pushed to upgrade for the reason of its lower per capital profit.Capital-intensive manufacturing has comparative lower profit,but it has the highest per capital profit,it is still an important industry now.Technology-intensive manufacturing need to increase RD input,obtain the core and key technologies,and develop faster than before.