近代中国的“以礼入法”及其补正——以清末民初民事习惯法典化为例的实证研究

“Bringing Courtesy into Law”and Its Amendment in Modern China——An Empirical Study of Codification of Civil Customs within the End of Qing Dynasty and the Beginning of the Republic of China

面对民事习惯在"个人习惯—社会习惯(地域性习俗—全国性惯例)—国家法"的演进过程中,受人口、地域和司法导入机制的影响而形成的国情困境,中国近代立法者不得不选择一种自上而下的道德实用主义道路,"复制"了历史上的"以礼入法"过程:将民事习惯法典化的国情困境道德化,归因于习惯自身的碎片化、封建落后、不合时宜;并借助于道德化/意识形态化的节约机制等功能,快速实现了民法典的现代化,但又使民法典走上了去中国化的脱嵌化的道路。为此,中国法治需要一种自下而上的能将法治推进到技术操作层面的技术实用主义意识形态,也需要一种将民事习惯法典化嵌入到中国社会进行透视的嵌入性分析方法。

During the evolution of civil customs from ＂personal customs to social customs（regional customs to national conventions）to State law＂,facing the national condition predicament due to the impact of population,geography and imported judicature mechanism,the legislators in modern China had to choose the way of top-down moral pragmatism.They ＂copied＂the historical process of ＂bringing courtesy into law＂： moralizing the national condition predicament for civil customs＇ codification.They attributed it to the civil customs＇ characteristics： fragmentary,feudal,backward and untimely.Depending on the function of saving mechanism of moralization/ideology and other functions,rule by law in Modern China has been realized quickly.Meanwhile,rule of Law was led to the path of eliminating Chinese culture and disembeddedness.Thus rule of Law in China needs a legal ideology of bottom-up technology pragmatism urgently,which can promote＂rule of law＂to technical operation level.Rule of Law in China also needs an embeddedness approach of codification of civil customs embedded in Chinese society.