塔里木河四源区耕地时空演变的驱动分析

Spatiotemporal Evolution of Cultivated Land in the Headwaters of the Tarim River

选取塔里木河源流区为研究区,分析了塔里木河各源流区耕地演变时空特征,研究了水土资源配置在干旱区耕地扩张过程中的驱动作用。结果表明:1阿克苏河、叶尔羌河是塔里木河流域源流区近50 a耕地新增规模最大垦区,而孔雀河流域耕地增加比例最显著。2塔里木河各源流区原有耕地集中分布在水土资源配置较好的地区;新增耕地首先分布在绿洲外围,进而会集中分布在土地资源丰富,但水资源较欠缺的地区;最后会零散出现在水资源丰富,但土地资源欠缺的绿洲内部。3地表水资源消耗量和水资源利用效率是塔里木河源流区耕地扩张的关键要素,能较好地反映出水土资源配置对耕地扩张的驱动影响。本研究结果可为塔里木河全流域水土资源开发提供科学数据支撑,并为新疆乃至干旱区耕地资源的可持续开发提供参考。

The headwaters of the Tarim River were selected as the study area to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of cultivated land and the allocation of water and soil resources in arid area. The results are as follows： ① The Aksu River and Yarkant River basins were the reclamation areas with the largest newly reclaimed land area in the Tarim River Basin in recent 50 years,and the proportion of enlarged cultivated land area in the Kongque River Basin was the most significant;② The original cultivated land was mainly distributed in the regions where the water and land resources were allocated well. The newly reclaimed land was distributed in the peripheral regions of the oases at first,then in the areas with rich land resources but shortage of water resources; and finally it was distributed in a fragmentized way in the oasis inners with rich water resources but shortage of land resources; ③ Consumption of surface water resources and utilization efficiency of water resources are the key elements for the expansion of cultivated land in headwaters of the Tarim River,which could reflect the effects of water and land resources allocation on the expansion of cultivated land. The study results can provide the scientific data for the development of water and land resources in the Tarim River Basin,and can be referred in the sustainable development of cultivated land in Xinjiang and even in other arid areas.