水利工程污损生物沼蛤在不同环境条件下的行为特性研究

Behavioral characteristics of fouling organisms limnoperna fortunei in hydraulic engineering in different environmental conditions

近年来，沼蛤（Iimnopernafortunei）在水利工程中的危害日益严重，可造成输水管道堵塞、管道输水能力降低、水工建筑物表面污损等，已经成为影响水利工程安全运行的新问题。本研究以探讨光照、温度、pH值等环境条件的变化对沼蛤行为的影响为目的，以不同环境条件下沼蛤的软足伸出率、移动距离、粘附率、死亡率四种行为特性指标的变化规律表征环境因素对其行为的影响程度。实验表明，沼蛤具有明显的趋暗性，更偏向附着于黑暗基质：其适宜生存的温度为16℃～28℃，在4℃的低温环境下活跃性极低，随着温度的升高活跃性逐渐增强，但高于32℃时会迅速死亡；沼蛤对水环境的酸碱性较敏感，中性水体环境最适宜其生存。

In recent years, serious hazards of limnopernafortunei occurred in hydraulic projects. These hazards may block the pipeline, lower the ability of water transportation, and foul the surfaces of hydraulic structures, etc., thus emerging as a new problem that affects the operation safety of hydraulic projects. This study has conducted experimental tests to explore the behaviors of limnopernafortunei in different environmental conditions, such as light, temperature and pH, focusing on the variations of four behavior indicators, i.e. soft foot protruding rate, movement distance, adhesion rate, and mortality rate, to characterize the degree of the environmental factors on the behaviors. We draw the following conclusions from the experiment. Lirnnopernafortunei has obvious negative phototaxis and prefers to attach to dark adhesion matrix. The appropriate temperature for its survival was varying from 16 ℃ - 28 ℃, and its activity was obviously inhibited under extremely low temperature of 4℃ while enhanced as the temperature rose within this range. However, it died quickly when the temperature reached up to 32 ℃. Limnoperna fortunei was also sensitive to the acid-base property. Neutral environment was the most suitable environment for its survival.