上海市8～10岁儿童碘营养及甲状腺肿大率变化特征：食盐加碘前后对比

Iodine Nutritional Status and Goiter Rates in Children Aged 8-10 Years Before and After Universal Salt Iodization in Shanghai

[目的]探讨碘盐对上海市8～10岁儿童碘营养及甲状腺肿大率的影响。[方法]根据上海市2002—2014年的碘盐监测结果及1995—2014年的碘缺乏病监测数据,分析上海市全民食盐加碘政策实施前后8～10岁儿童碘营养水平及甲状腺肿大率。[结果]自1996年4月起,上海市实施全民食盐加碘政策,分析显示2002—2014年上海市生产批发商家及居民用户的食用碘盐中的碘含量均符合国家标准。1995年上海市市区和郊区8～10岁儿童尿碘中位数分别为72.3和52.2μg/L,2002—2014年儿童尿碘中位数范围为151.0～198.1μg/L;2004—2014年儿童甲状腺肿大率均低于1%。[结论]上海市全民食盐加碘政策实施以来,儿童碘营养水平适宜,甲状腺肿大率处于较低水平。

[Objective] To assess the iodine nutritional status and goiter rate of the children aged 8-10 years in response to the introduction of universal salt iodization（USI） in Shanghai.[Methods] Based on the national surveillance data of salt iodization in 2002-2014 and iodine deficiency disorders in 1995-2014 in Shanghai,we analyzed 8-to 10-year-old children’s iodine nutritional status and goiter rates in Shanghai before and after the USI.[Results] Shanghai launched an USI policy in April 1996.The iodine contents of retail iodine salt products from both manufacturers/wholesalers and households were within the national standard in 2002-2014.The median urine iodine concentrations of children were 72.3 μg/L and 52.2 μg/L for urban and rural areas respectively in 1995 and 151.0-198.1 μg/L in 2002-2014.Childhood thyroid goiter rates were all 〈1% in 2004-2014.[Conclusion] Appropriate iodine nutrition levels and low goiter rates are identified among the children in Shanghai after the USI policy.