辽宁省5市(县)居民应对空气污染的个体自适应行为的调查

Survey on Residents' Individual Adaptive Behaviors in Coping with Air Pollution in Five Cities/Counties of Liaoning Province

[目的]了解辽宁省居民应对空气污染采取个体自适应行为的状况。[方法]采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,利用自编问卷对辽宁省5市(县)共1 278名18岁以上居民进行问卷调查。[结果]回收合格问卷1 101份,有效率86.15%,其中城市444份,农村657份,男性514份,女性587份,受访者年龄为(41.63±12.23)岁。居民感到空气污染严重时,能采用个体自适应行为保护健康的居民占受访者的51.50%,增加个人清洁次数、呆在房间、关紧窗户和戴口罩的居民分别占33.88%、24.98%、24.98%和17.35%。经常采取更多自适应行为应对空气污染的人群为县区、女性、年龄越小的居民(均P<0.001)。[结论]辽宁省18岁以上居民在空气污染严重时经常采用个体自适应健康行为的做法并不普遍。

[Objective] To investigate the adaptive behaviors in coping with air pollution among residents in Liaoning Province.[Methods] By multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method,1 278 residents over 18 years old in Liaoning Province were enrolled to answer a self-designed questionnaire.[Results] A total of 1 101 participants with an average age of 41.63±12.23 years returned valid questionnaires（86.13%） ：444 from urban areas and 657 from rural areas;514 males and 587 females.Of them,51.50% answered they would take adaptive behaviors against severe air pollution,and the proportions of residents increasing personal cleaning frequency,staying at home,closing windows,and wearing respiratory protectors were 33.88%,24.98%,24.98%,and 17.35%,respectively.Urban,female,and younger residents took more individual adaptive behaviors（all Ps 〈 0.001）.[Conclusion] It is not prevalent among the residents over 18 years old in Liaoning Province to take individual adaptive behaviors frequently to cope with severe air pollution.