我国放射卫生标准体系的结构探讨

Exploring on Hierarchy of Radiological Health Standard System in China

[目的]进一步完善放射卫生标准体系,满足新形势下放射卫生标准化工作的需要,推进放射卫生领域相关工作的持续健康发展。[方法]通过分析我国放射卫生标准现状,依据国内相关法律法规和规范性文件,参考国际组织出版或发布的相关技术性文件及出版物,按照标准体系编制原则,结合原放射卫生防护标准体系和原放射性疾病诊断标准体系内容,讨论我国放射卫生标准体系结构。[结果]建立新的放射卫生标准体系层次结构,提出新的放射卫生标准体系。将我国放射卫生标准体系的分类调整为基础标准、计划照射、应急照射、现存照射、职业健康管理、放射性疾病诊断与处理、检测与评价及其他共8类,并对每一类别进行划分。其中,照射情况的划分采用国际放射防护委员会(ICRP)103号出版物和国际原子能机构(IAEA)2014年发布的《国际辐射防护和辐射源安全的基本安全标准》(IBSS)中的分类。[结论]新的放射卫生标准体系体现了我国放射卫生标准的现状,并具有一定的前瞻性,符合我国放射卫生工作发展趋势。

[Objective] To refine the standard system for radiological health,meet the demands for radiological health standardization work under new circumstances,and promote sustainable and healthy development of radiological health work.[Methods] We analyzed the current status radiological health standards;referred to relevant domestic laws,regulations,and normative documents,as well as relevant technical documents and publications issued by international organizations;followed principles for preparing standard systems;and combined two pre-standard systems for radiological protection and diagnosis of radiation-induced diseases.Thereupon,we studied and discussed the hierarchy of standard system for radiological health in China.[Results] We established a new hierarchical structure and proposed a new standard system for radiological health.The classification of the standard system was changed into eight classes,including basic standards,planned exposure,emergency exposure,existing exposure,occupational health administration,diagnosis and management of radiation-induced diseases,test and evaluation,and others,and each class was further subdivided.To be specific,the division of exposure situation was in line with the classification of the International Commission on Radiological Protection（ICRP） Publication 103 and the Radiation Protection and Safety of Radiation Sources：International Basic Safety Standards（IBSS,2014） by International Atomic Energy Agency（IAEA）.[Conclusion] Because the new standard system for radiological health reflects the present situation of radiological health standards in China and is of prospective nature,it conforms to the trend of the development of radiological health work in China.