急性顺丁稀二酸酐中毒事故调查分析

Investigation and Analysis on Acute Maleic Anhydride Poisonings

[目的]通过两起因装卸导致多人急性顺丁稀二酸酐中毒事故的调查分析,引起企业和劳动者重视,避免类似中毒事故再次发生。[方法]对企业管理者及工人详细询问,了解24名工人发病情况及就诊经过,查阅患者就诊记录;同时对作业场所进行现场调查。[结果]中毒事故是由于包装袋破损,化学品顺丁烯二酸酐泄漏导致。依据《职业性急性化学物中毒性呼吸系统疾病诊断标准》分别诊断为职业性急性顺丁稀二酸酐接触反应(13例)、轻度中毒(8例)或中度中毒(3例)。[结论]装卸过程中包装破损,顺丁稀二酸酐粉尘泄漏导致职业性急性中毒事故,主要原因是企业疏于危险化学品相关管理,缺乏宣教和防护措施,工人个人防护意识淡薄。

[Objective] To analyze two maleic anhydride poisoning accidents involving multiple workers which were caused by cargo handling of maleic anhydride,so as to attract the attentions of both employees and employers and avoid future recurrence of similar poisonings.[Methods] The enterprise managers and workers were interviewed to collect information on 24 workers’ incident of disease and medical process.The patients’ medical records were retrieved.Meanwhile,a workplace spot investigation was also conducted.[Results] The poisoning accidents were caused by chemical dust leakage from broken packing bags.According to the national Diagnostic Criteria of Occupational Acute Toxic Respiratory System Disease,the poisoning cases were diagnosed as occupational acute maleic anhydride exposure reaction（n=13） and mild（n=8） or moderate（n=3） poisoning.[Conclusion] The two accidents of occupational acute maleic anhydride poisoning resulted from chemical dust leakage from broken packing bags suggest the underlying causes are the lack of hazardous chemicals management,health education,and protective measures in enterprises and also weak protective awareness in workers.